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Why people troll

Two very different explanations — stable personality traits, and ordinary people in bad circumstances — and the evidence supports both.

Evidence: Single study One study, or a small number by the same group. Treat as suggestive.

There are two answers to this question and they point in opposite directions. The interesting part is that the evidence supports both.

The one everybody knows

The widely-cited finding is about personality: people who report trolling more also score higher on a cluster of traits associated with enjoying others' distress. It is a genuine result and it has been repeated.

It is also the half of the picture that gets quoted, and it has an unfortunate effect on readers. If trolls are simply a type of person, then the people provoking you are a separate category, permanently, and the only question is how to identify them.

The one that changes what you do

The counterweight is a study that took ordinary users rather than self-selected trolls, and manipulated their circumstances instead.

[1]

Two things follow from that, and both are uncomfortable.

Trolling is partly contagious. Seeing it makes people more likely to do it. A thread does not contain a fixed number of hostile people; it produces more of them as it goes.

You are not exempt. The mechanism is mood plus exposure, and both of those apply to everyone, including the person reading this page while annoyed about an argument they are losing.

Why this matters for what to do

If provocation were purely dispositional, the response would be identification: work out who the trolls are, exclude them, done.

If it is substantially situational, then the most useful lever is the thing you control — whether your reply raises the temperature for everyone else reading. That is a much less satisfying conclusion than "some people are just like that", and it is better supported.

It also reframes the advice this site is named after. Declining to reply is not only about starving one person of a reaction. It is about not adding to the exposure that makes the next person more likely to join in.

What this does not show

The trait research is correlational and self-reported: it shows that people who score higher on certain traits also report trolling more, not that traits cause trolling, and certainly not that any individual you are arguing with has those traits. The situational research is experimental but conducted in one platform context. Neither supports diagnosing a person. If you take one thing from this page, take that the same person can behave differently on a different day — which is a claim about circumstances, not a claim about souls.

Sources

  1. [1] Cheng, Bernstein, Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil & Leskovec. Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions, CSCW 2017 (2017) [archived]
    both negative mood and seeing troll posts by others significantly increases the probability of a user trolling, and together double this probability